France is known for its strong labor protections, competitive job market, and unique work culture. Whether you’re an expat looking for a career move or a newcomer planning to relocate, understanding the French job market and workplace norms is essential. From crafting a CV that fits local expectations to navigating office etiquette, here’s everything you need to know about working in France.
Finding a Job in France
The French job market can be competitive, but opportunities exist in various industries, especially in technology, healthcare, education, and finance. While fluency in French is a huge advantage, there are still job prospects for English speakers in multinational companies and tourism-related fields.
Where to Look for Jobs
Online Job Portals – Popular websites include:
- Pôle emploi – The official French employment agency (www.pole-emploi.fr).
- APEC – Focused on executive and professional jobs (www.apec.fr).
- LinkedIn – Many French companies recruit through LinkedIn.
- Indeed France, Welcome to the Jungle, Monster – Great for general job searches.
Recruitment Agencies – Specialised agencies help match candidates with companies, particularly for highly skilled roles.
Networking – France places high importance on professional connections. Attending industry events, job fairs, and connecting with local expat communities can boost job prospects.
Company Websites – Many firms post job openings on their official career pages.
How to Write a French CV and Cover Letter
A French CV differs slightly from Anglo-Saxon resumes. It’s typically one to two pages long, clear, and concise.
Our Tips to Write a French CV
- Personal Information – Include your full name, phone number, email, nationality, and address. Unlike in the US or UK, a professional headshot is often included. It is not compulsory, but it is a common practice.
- Professional Experience – List jobs in reverse chronological order, emphasising achievements over responsibilities.
- Education & Qualifications – France values academic credentials, so mention relevant degrees, diplomas, and certifications.
- Skills & Languages – Clearly state language proficiency using levels like bilingual, fluent, intermediate, or beginner. IT skills and certifications should also be listed.
- Avoid Over-Personalisation – Unlike in some countries, adding hobbies or personal details is not necessary unless relevant to the role.
The French Cover Letter (Lettre de Motivation)
- Be formal and structured – A typical French cover letter follows a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.
- Personalisation is key – Address it to the hiring manager and tailor it to the company’s needs.
- Concise and professional – One page is ideal. Keep it polite, professional, and to the point.
Understanding French Work Culture
The French workplace has a distinct culture, balancing professionalism with a strong work-life ethic. Here’s what to expect:
Work Hours and Employment Contracts in France
The 35-Hour Workweek: France’s 35-hour workweek, introduced in 2000, is often misunderstood. While it is the official standard, many employees, particularly executives, managers, and professionals in competitive sectors, regularly work beyond this limit. For those who exceed 35 hours, compensation may come in the form of overtime pay or additional paid leave (RTT – Réduction du Temps de Travail), depending on the employment contract. Senior executives (cadres dirigeants) often work without strict hourly limits but benefit from additional leave days.
CDI vs. CDD Contracts: The Contrat à Durée Indéterminée (CDI) is the most desirable employment contract in France, offering permanent job security, social benefits, and protections against unfair dismissal. Employers must follow strict regulations to terminate a CDI employee, making these contracts highly valued.
For short-term employment, the Contrat à Durée Déterminée (CDD) is widely used. This temporary contract is common in industries with seasonal work, maternity replacements, or project-based jobs. CDD contracts can be renewed up to two times, but after 18 months, employers must either convert the contract into a CDI or let it expire.
Work-Life Balance & Employee Protections: France has some of the strongest labor protections in the world, ensuring employees benefit from a clear separation between work and personal life. The “right to disconnect” law, enacted in 2017, prevents employers from expecting emails or work-related communication outside of office hours, promoting a healthier work-life balance. Additionally, paid vacation is generous, with at least five weeks of paid leave annually, plus numerous public holidays. Parental leave, sick leave, and additional benefits contribute to a work culture that prioritises employee well-being while maintaining productivity.
Hierarchy and Office Norms
- Hierarchy is respected – French workplaces tend to be structured and hierarchical, with clear distinctions between managers and employees.
- Direct communication – The French can be straightforward and critical, but this is not meant to be rude—it’s simply part of professional discussions.
- Meetings & Formalities – Meetings often start with small talk before getting down to business.
Workplace Etiquette
Dress Code: French workplace attire is generally more formal than in Anglo-Saxon countries. In corporate environments, well-tailored suits, blouses, and elegant accessories are the norm. While some industries, such as tech startups, have a more relaxed dress code, a polished appearance is still expected. Even in casual offices, well-fitted, stylish clothing is preferred over overly casual attire.
Punctuality: Punctuality in France depends on the industry and company culture. In some workplaces, arriving 5–10 minutes late is tolerated, but for important meetings, interviews, or corporate settings, being on time or even slightly early is best. However, for social business events, such as networking apéritifs or work dinners, arriving slightly late can be more acceptable.
Titles Matter: Respect for hierarchy and formality is a key part of French business culture. Until invited otherwise, always use “Monsieur” or “Madame” when addressing colleagues or superiors, particularly in traditional corporate settings. First names are used more frequently in younger, international, or creative industries, but erring on the side of formality is always a safer approach.
The Long French Lunch: Unlike in many Anglo-Saxon workplaces, where quick desk lunches are common, long lunch breaks are deeply ingrained in French work culture. A typical French lunch break can last 1 to 2 hours, often involving a sit-down meal at a nearby restaurant with colleagues. This break is seen as an essential part of the day, fostering social connections and work relationships. In smaller towns and traditional companies, it is not uncommon for businesses to close for lunch, reinforcing the French emphasis on work-life balance and taking the time to enjoy meals properly.
Salary, Taxes, and Employee Benefits
Salaries and Minimum Wage
France has a national minimum wage, known as the SMIC (Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel de Croissance), which as of 2025 stands at approximately 1,801.80 € per month (gross). However, salaries vary significantly depending on industry, experience, and location. Paris generally offers higher wages than other regions, but this comes with a higher cost of living, particularly for housing and daily expenses.
Social Security Contributions
Employees in France make mandatory social security contributions, which fund various benefits, including:
- Healthcare – Employees automatically receive public health insurance (Assurance Maladie), covering a significant portion of medical expenses.
- Retirement & Pensions – Workers contribute to the national pension system, with benefits calculated based on salary and years worked.
- Unemployment Benefits – Employees with CDI or CDD contracts may be eligible for job-seeker support (allocation chômage) if they lose their job.
Taxes on Salaries
France has a progressive income tax system, with higher earners paying a higher percentage of their income in taxes. Unlike in the past, income tax is now deducted directly from salaries at the source (prélèvement à la source), simplifying the process for employees.
In addition to income tax, employees must also pay social charges (CSG & CRDS), which help finance healthcare, family benefits, and unemployment insurance. These deductions reduce take-home pay, but they ensure access to one of the most comprehensive social security systems in the world.
How to Succeed as an Expat in the French Job Market
Improve Your French
- Fluency boosts job opportunities in almost every field.
- Take French language courses or use apps like Duolingo, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone.
- Many companies expect a B1-B2 level for professional work.
- Read our tips to learn French here.
Build a Local Network
- Attend networking events and join expat groups in cities like Paris, Lyon, and Bordeaux.
- Consider LinkedIn networking—French recruiters actively use it.
Understand Work Benefits & Employee Rights
- Know your contract terms before signing.
- Be aware of paid leave policies—France offers five weeks of vacation by law.
Final Thoughts on Working in France
Adapting to French work culture and securing employment takes preparation, but France remains an attractive destination for expats seeking a good quality of life and professional growth. With a well-crafted CV, strong language skills, and a clear understanding of work norms, expats can successfully navigate the French job market and build a rewarding career.